Will having lots of kids shorten your life?

Maybe it's the StarCraft player in me, but I've long assumed a tradeoff between fast growth and a long life.

The Zerg reproduce quickly but die quickly, and the Protoss reproduce slowly but die more slowly.

There's echoes of this in r vs k selection.

In our society, we often see a hard tradeoff between having many kids early or living a long, good life.

So, does this tradeoff exist for individuals in a species?

Or can you have it all?