Four Examples of Cultures Suited to Decentralized Coordination

Medieval Berbers and Bedouins, as elaborated by Ibn Khaldun. The harshness of desert life forced coordination.

The Mongols. Jack Weatherford gives an accessible introduction.

The United States Navy’s Doctrine of Faith. Benjamin H. Milligan says that the lack of communication at sea meant the Navy had to give their units more freedom to act- which is why the most capable American guerilla force in World War II was a Navy unit conducting land operations in China.

18th century pirates.